Investigating evolutionary computation with smart mutation for three types of Economic Load Dispatch optimisation problem

The Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem is an optimisation task concerned with how electricity generating stations can meet their customers’ demands while minimising under/over-generation, and minimising the operational costs of running the generating units. In the conventional or Static Economic Load Dispatch (SELD), an optimal solution is sought in terms of how much power to produce from each of the individual generating units at the power station, while meeting (predicted) customers’ load demands. With the inclusion of a more realistic dynamic view of demand over time and associated constraints, the Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch (DELD) problem is an extension of the SELD, and aims at determining the optimal power generation schedule on a regular basis, revising the power system configuration (subject to constraints) at intervals during the day as demand patterns change. Both the SELD and DELD have been investigated in the recent literature with modern heuristic optimisation approaches providing excellent results in comparison with classical techniques. However, these problems are defined under the assumption of a regulated electricity market, where utilities tend to share their generating resources so as to minimise the total cost of supplying the demanded load. Currently, the electricity distribution scene is progressing towards a restructured, liberalised and competitive market. In this market the utility companies are privatised, and naturally compete with each other to increase their profits, while they also engage in bidding transactions with their customers. This formulation is referred to as: Bid-Based Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch (BBDELD). This thesis proposes a Smart Evolutionary Algorithm (SEA), which combines a standard evolutionary algorithm with a “smart mutation” approach. The so-called ‘smart’ mutation operator focuses mutation on genes contributing most to costs and penalty violations, while obeying operational constraints. We develop specialised versions of SEA for each of the SELD, DELD and BBDELD problems, and show that this approach is superior to previously published approaches in each case. The thesis also applies the approach to a new case study relevant to Nigerian electricity deregulation. Results on this case study indicate that our SEA is able to deal with larger scale energy optimisation tasks

Investigating the Effects of Evolutionary Parametric Tuning for Static Economic Load Dispatch Problems

This paper investigates the effects of evolutionary parametric tuning in realizing optimal solutions for static economic load dispatch (SELD) problems in the electrical power industry. During evolutionary algorithm (EA) implementation, design parameters need to be carefully chosen because of their contributory influence on the success and overall performance of the EA. The paper considers instances of the SELD problem involving minimum/maximum generation limits and power (load) balance. Simulation results are provided for novel intelligent mutation approaches from this investigation, and compared with reported results for other recent alternate algorithms in literature on two benchmark cases involving 6 and 20 generating units, where they exhibited superior performances in terms of lowest cost and meeting customers’ demands

Minimization of Co-Channel Interference in a Heterogeneous Network Environment

This paper presented the minimization of interference in a co-channel network environment. Co-channel interference is one of the leading forms of interference in communication systems. This form of interference is very alarming because it doesn’t just generate noise in the receiver but also causes heavy jamming by giving you other signals that weren’t desired. This research aims to reduce noise and separate identical channels from the primary or desired signals. Communication systems face too many problems, but co-channel interference is one of the major problems. The co-channel interference sends several pieces of information to the receiver because the channels share the same characteristics of signals, at that point noise will be generated and information jamming will occur. The method used in reducing the co-channeling noise is the digital low pass filter, the digital low pass filter in the desired receiver blocks the other frequencies coming to interfere with the desired signal and allows only the desired signal to make it through without any interference. The low pass filter is designed such as to see other interfering signals at a high frequency. The results of this research work show that the bit error rate is low due to the intervention of the filter, interference was reduced, and the noise was reduced from 130dB to 10 dB. The research work evaluated the behaviour of the co-channel interference and the bit error rate and determined the low pass filter response for noise reduction. The research also recommends further improvements in the improvement of bit error rate, improving noise reductions in the channels, and prevention

Design and Simulation of a Secured Enterprise Network for Faculty of Engineering, Rivers State University

Institutions generally seek for a network infrastructure solution that intelligently combines voice and data networks. To compete globally, It has become necessary for the Faculty of Engineering to build and setup a secured enterprise network solution to drive the rapid engineering and technological advancement of the University. The aim of this study is to develop a secured, scalable, available, and manageable enterprise network for the Faculty of Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. In this article the various services that comprise the enterprise network as a unit have been put together using the Hierarchical Network Model. The physical and logical network topology was designed for the Faculty of Engineering infrastructures and the results from the simulation showed that any user who tried to connect to the network and initiated http traffic were redirected to the authentication server for verification of credentials, before being allowed on the network. The result also shows that the Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance, the Core Router, the distribution switches and the integrated service routers were properly configured. The design reduced network device load and the time to identify network issues to resolve them. The configured network security provided availability, integrity, and confidentiality. This design also enhanced rapid connectivity, and the inclusion of new devices did not affect the transfer of packets. Finally, the specifications and commands used in this study is a model that could be modified and deployed for other Faculties or Universities. Keywords: Configuration,design, enterprise network, topology, security, Cisco ASA. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/10-5-04 Publication date:June 30th 201

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE AND PIN DIODE DETECTORS IN OPTICAL RECEIVERS

This research explained how to establish the optical receiver sensitivity and the link power budget design in terms of quality factor, receiver power and bit error rate (BER) for several values of attenuation at 100km fiber length. The design parameters which were taken into consideration were a constricted transmitter, Zender modulator, attenuator, lowpass Bessel filter, Non-Return-to-Zero modulation format, CW laser, avalanche photodiode (APD) and PIN diode detectors and the type of network coding, Bit Error Rate Analyzer (BER) etc. The objective was achieved using optisystem 7 professional simulation software layout to design the power system budget and optical receiver circuit, the avalanche photodiode and PIN diode were used as the detector. Optisystem simulations were used to determine the optimum power and the receiver sensitivity for several values of attenuation. This research investigated and analyzed the performance of optical receiver at a wavelength of 1550nm. Simulations were made and the Bit Error Rate analyzer values for the various parameters taken. Several values of Q-Factor and Bit Error Rate were tabulated, and the corresponding graphs plotted. There was an improvement in the quality factor, the quality of signal with a low noise value and the extended transmission or propagation time was reduced

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE AND PIN DIODE DETECTORS IN OPTICAL RECEIVERS

This research explained how to establish the optical receiver sensitivity and the link power budget design in terms of quality factor, receiver power and bit error rate (BER) for several values of attenuation at 100km fiber length. The design parameters which were taken into consideration were a constricted transmitter, Zender modulator, attenuator, lowpass Bessel filter, Non-Return-to-Zero modulation format, CW laser, avalanche photodiode (APD) and PIN diode detectors and the type of network coding, Bit Error Rate Analyzer (BER) etc. The objective was achieved using optisystem 7 professional simulation software layout to design the power system budget and optical receiver circuit, the avalanche photodiode and PIN diode were used as the detector. Optisystem simulations were used to determine the optimum power and the receiver sensitivity for several values of attenuation. This research investigated and analyzed the performance of optical receiver at a wavelength of 1550nm. Simulations were made and the Bit Error Rate analyzer values for the various parameters taken. Several values of Q-Factor and Bit Error Rate were tabulated, and the corresponding graphs plotted. There was an improvement in the quality factor, the quality of signal with a low noise value and the extended transmission or propagation time was reduced

Economic Load Dispatch Optimization in a Thermal Generating Station

Abstract The Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem is an optimization task with emphasis on how power generating companies (GENCOs) will be able to meet the power demands of the distribution companies (DISCOs) and electricity consumers, and at the same time minimize both under/over generation of electricity, and also minimize the operational costs of running the units in their various stations. This paper implemented a Smart Evolutionary Algorithm, which combines a standard Evolutionary Algorithm with a smart mutation operator that is applied to the Static ELD problem. It also investigated and analyzed three distinct variants of the smart mutation operator. The operator focused mutation on genes contributing mostly to cost of generation and penalty violations in the fitness function. Rather than using a generic off-the-shelf optimization package, the paper demonstrated a novel approach to solving certain kinds of real-world problems, contributing a method that have advanced the state of the art in solving a specific optimization problem in the area of economic load dispatch